Getting Started

Let’s get started with an example: We are going to create a an MD5 encrypter app that uses one of the most popular C++ libraries: Poco.

We’ll use CMake as build system in this case but keep in mind that Conan works with any build system and is not limited to using CMake.

An MD5 Encrypter using the Poco Libraries

Note

The source files to recreate this project are available in the following GitHub repository. You can skip the manual creation of folder an sources with this command:

$ git clone https://github.com/conan-io/examples.git && cd examples/libraries/poco/md5

1. Create the following source file inside a folder. This will be the source file of our application:

   md5.cpp

    #include "Poco/MD5Engine.h"
    #include "Poco/DigestStream.h"
   
    #include <iostream>
   
   
    int main(int argc, char** argv)
    {
        Poco::MD5Engine md5;
        Poco::DigestOutputStream ds(md5);
        ds << "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
        ds.close();
        std::cout << Poco::DigestEngine::digestToHex(md5.digest()) << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
   

2. We know that our application relies on the Poco libraries. Let’s look for it in the Conan Center remote:

   $ conan search Poco* --remote=conan-center
   Existing package recipes:
   
   Poco/1.7.8p3@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.7.9@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.7.9p1@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.7.9p2@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.8.0.1@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.8.0@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.8.1@pocoproject/stable
   Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
   

3. We got some interesting references for Poco. Let’s inspect the metadata of the 1.9.0 version:

   $ conan inspect Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
   ...
   name: Poco
   version: 1.9.0
   url: http://github.com/pocoproject/conan-poco
   license: The Boost Software License 1.0
   author: None
   description: Modern, powerful open source C++ class libraries for building network- and internet-based applications that run on desktop, server, mobile and embedded systems.
   generators: ('cmake', 'txt')
   exports: None
   exports_sources: ('CMakeLists.txt', 'PocoMacros.cmake')
   short_paths: False
   apply_env: True
   build_policy: None
   settings: ('os', 'arch', 'compiler', 'build_type')
   options:
       enable_apacheconnector: [True, False]
       shared: [True, False]
   default_options:
       enable_apacheconnector: False
       shared: False
   

4. Ok, it looks like this dependency could work with our Encrypter app. We should indicate which are the requirements and the generator for our build system. Let’s create a conanfile.txt inside our project’s folder with the following content:

   conanfile.txt

    [requires]
    Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
   
    [generators]
    cmake
   

   In this example we are using CMake to build the project, which is why the cmake generator is specified. This generator creates a conanbuildinfo.cmake file that defines CMake variables including paths and library names that can be used in our build. Read more about Generators.

5. Next step: We are going to install the required dependencies and generate the information for the build system:

   Important

   If you are using GCC compiler >= 5.1, Conan will set the compiler.libcxx to the old ABI for backwards compatibility. You can change this with the following commands:

   $ conan profile new default --detect  # Generates default profile detecting GCC and sets old ABI
   $ conan profile update settings.compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11 default  # Sets libcxx to C++11 ABI
   

   You will find more information in How to manage the GCC >= 5 ABI.

   $ mkdir build && cd build
   $ conan install ..
   ...
   Requirements
       OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable from 'conan-center' - Downloaded
       Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable from 'conan-center' - Cache
       zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable from 'conan-center' - Downloaded
   Packages
       OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable:606fdb601e335c2001bdf31d478826b644747077 - Download
       Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable:09378ed7f51185386e9f04b212b79fe2d12d005c - Download
       zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable:6cc50b139b9c3d27b3e9042d5f5372d327b3a9f7 - Download
   
   zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable: Retrieving package 6cc50b139b9c3d27b3e9042d5f5372d327b3a9f7 from remote 'conan-center'
   ...
   Downloading conan_package.tgz
   [==================================================] 99.8KB/99.8KB
   ...
   zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable: Package installed 6cc50b139b9c3d27b3e9042d5f5372d327b3a9f7
   OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable: Retrieving package 606fdb601e335c2001bdf31d478826b644747077 from remote 'conan-center'
   ...
   Downloading conan_package.tgz
   [==================================================] 5.5MB/5.5MB
   ...
   OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable: Package installed 606fdb601e335c2001bdf31d478826b644747077
   Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable: Retrieving package 09378ed7f51185386e9f04b212b79fe2d12d005c from remote 'conan-center'
   ...
   Downloading conan_package.tgz
   [==================================================] 11.5MB/11.5MB
   ...
   Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable: Package installed 09378ed7f51185386e9f04b212b79fe2d12d005c
   PROJECT: Generator cmake created conanbuildinfo.cmake
   PROJECT: Generator txt created conanbuildinfo.txt
   PROJECT: Generated conaninfo.txt
   

   Conan installed our Poco dependency but also the transitive dependencies for it: OpenSSL and zlib. It has also generated a conanbuildinfo.cmake file for our build system.

6. Now let’s create our build file. To inject the Conan information, include the generated conanbuildinfo.cmake file like this:

   CMakeLists.txt

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
    project(MD5Encrypter)
   
    add_definitions("-std=c++11")
   
    include(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conanbuildinfo.cmake)
    conan_basic_setup()
   
    add_executable(md5 md5.cpp)
    target_link_libraries(md5 ${CONAN_LIBS})
   

7. Now we are ready to build and run our Encrypter app:

   (win)
   $ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 15 Win64"
   $ cmake --build . --config Release
   
   (linux, mac)
   $ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
   $ cmake --build .
   ...
   [100%] Built target md5
   $ ./bin/md5
   c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b
   

Installing Dependencies

The conan install command downloads the binary package required for your configuration (detected the first time you ran the command), together with other (transitively required by Poco) libraries, like OpenSSL and Zlib. It will also create the conanbuildinfo.cmake file in the current directory, in which you can see the CMake variables, and a conaninfo.txt in which the settings, requirements and optional information is saved.

Note

Conan generates a default profile with your detected settings (OS, compiler, architecture…) and that configuration is printed at the top of every conan install command. However, it is strongly recommended to review it and adjust the settings to accurately describe your system as shown in the Building with Other Configurations section.

It is very important to understand the installation process. When the conan install command runs, settings specified on the command line or taken from the defaults in <userhome>/.conan/profiles/default file are applied.

For example, the command conan install . --settings os="Linux" --settings compiler="gcc", performs these steps:

• Checks if the package recipe (for Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable package) exists in the local cache. If we are just starting, the cache is empty.

• Looks for the package recipe in the defined remotes. Conan comes with conan-center Bintray remote as the default, but can be changed.

• If the recipe exists, the Conan client fetches and stores it in your local cache.

• With the package recipe and the input settings (Linux, GCC), Conan looks for the corresponding binary in the local cache.

• Then Conan searches the corresponding binary package in the remote and fetches it.

• Finally, it generates an appropriate file for the build system specified in the [generators] section.

There are binaries for several mainstream compilers and versions available in Conan Center repository in Bintray, such as Visual Studio 14, 15, Linux GCC 4.9 and Apple Clang 3.5… Conan will throw an error if the binary package required for specific settings doesn’t exist. You can build the binary package from sources using conan install --build=missing, it will succeed if your configuration is supported by the recipe. You will find more info in the Building with Other Configurations section.

Inspecting Dependencies

The retrieved packages are installed to your local user cache (typically .conan/data), and can be reused from this location for other projects. This allows to clean your current project and continue working even without network connection. To search for packages in the local cache run:

$ conan search "*"
Existing package recipes:

OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable
Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable

To inspect the different binary packages of a reference run:

$ conan search Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
Existing packages for recipe Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable:

Package_ID: 09378ed7f51185386e9f04b212b79fe2d12d005c
    [options]
        cxx_14: False
        enable_apacheconnector: False
        enable_cppparser: False
        enable_crypto: True
        enable_data: True
...

There is also the possibility to generate a table for all package binaries available in a remote:

$ conan search zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable --table=file.html -r=conan-center
$ file.html # or open the file, double-click

To inspect all your current project’s dependencies use the conan info command by pointing it to the location of the conanfile.txt folder:

$ conan info ..
PROJECT
    ID: 6ecacba4f2b7535e0acb633a0cc4de0234445fea
    BuildID: None
    Requires:
        Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable
    ID: 606fdb601e335c2001bdf31d478826b644747077
    BuildID: None
    Remote: conan-center=https://conan.bintray.com
    URL: http://github.com/conan-community/conan-openssl
    License: The current OpenSSL licence is an 'Apache style' license: https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
    Recipe: Cache
    Binary: Cache
    Binary remote: conan-center
    Creation date: 2018-08-27 09:12:47
    Required by:
        Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
    Requires:
        zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable
Poco/1.9.0@pocoproject/stable
    ID: 09378ed7f51185386e9f04b212b79fe2d12d005c
    BuildID: None
    Remote: conan-center=https://conan.bintray.com
    URL: http://github.com/pocoproject/conan-poco
    License: The Boost Software License 1.0
    Recipe: Cache
    Binary: Cache
    Binary remote: conan-center
    Creation date: 2018-08-30 13:28:08
    Required by:
        PROJECT
    Requires:
        OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable
zlib/1.2.11@conan/stable
    ID: 6cc50b139b9c3d27b3e9042d5f5372d327b3a9f7
    BuildID: None
    Remote: conan-center=https://conan.bintray.com
    URL: http://github.com/conan-community/conan-zlib
    License: Zlib
    Recipe: Cache
    Binary: Cache
    Binary remote: conan-center
    Creation date: 2018-10-24 12:40:49
    Required by:
        OpenSSL/1.0.2o@conan/stable

Or generate a graph of your dependencies using Dot or HTML formats:

$ conan info .. --graph=file.html
$ file.html # or open the file, double-click

Searching Packages

The remote repository where packages are installed from is configured by default in Conan. It is called Conan Center (configured as conan-center remote) and it is located in Bintray.

You can search packages in Conan Center using this command:

$ conan search "*" --remote=conan-center
Existing package recipes:

Assimp/4.1.0@jacmoe/stable
CLI11/1.6.1@cliutils/stable
CTRE/2.1@ctre/stable
Catch/1.12.1@bincrafters/stable
Expat/2.2.5@pix4d/stable
FakeIt/2.0.5@gasuketsu/stable
IlmBase/2.2.0@Mikayex/stable
IrrXML/1.2@conan/stable
OpenSSL/1.0.2@conan/stable
...

There are additional community repositories that can be configured and used. See Bintray Repositories for more information.

Building with Other Configurations

In this example, we have built our project using the default configuration detected by Conan. This configuration is known as the default profile.

A profile needs to be available prior to running commands such as conan install. When running the command, your settings are automatically detected (compiler, architecture…) and stored as the default profile. You can edit these settings ~/.conan/profiles/default or create new profiles with your desired configuration.

For example, if we have a profile with a 32-bit GCC configuration in a profile called gcc_x86, we can run the following:

$ conan install . --profile=gcc_x86

Tip

We strongly recommend using Profiles and managing them with conan config install.

However, the user can always override the default profile settings in the conan install command using the --settings parameter. As an exercise, try building the Encrypter project 32-bit version:

$ conan install . --profile=gcc_x86 --settings arch=x86_64

The above command installs a different package, using the --settings arch=x86 instead of the one of the profile used previously.

To use the 32-bit binaries, you will also have to change your project build:

• In Windows, change the CMake invocation to Visual Studio 14.

• In Linux, you have to add the -m32 flag to your CMakeLists.txt by running SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -m32"), and the same applies to CMAKE_C_FLAGS, CMAKE_SHARED_LINK_FLAGS and CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS. This can also be done more easily, by automatically using Conan, as we’ll show later.

• In macOS, you need to add the definition -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=i386.

Got any doubts? Check our FAQ, write us or join the community in Cpplang Slack #conan channel!